The Role of Gut Microbiota in Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease
- Mehmet Bostancıklıoğlu
- 26 Mar 2023
- 2 dakikada okunur
The article titled "The Role of Gut Microbiota in Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease" explores the relationship between the gut microbiota and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The article discusses the decline of gut microbiota diversity in the elderly and in patients with AD and how restoring the diversity with probiotic treatment can alleviate psychiatric and histopathological findings.
The article also presents a hypothesis on the interaction between the gut microbiome and AD, discussing the role of bacterial metabolites and neurotransmitters in the brain under various conditions. The article outlines three different linkages between the present gut microbiome hypothesis and other major theories for the pathogenesis of AD. These linkages include the triggering of central nervous system inflammation and cerebrovascular degeneration by bacterial metabolites and amyloids and the inhibition of the autophagy-mediated protein clearance process by impaired gut microbiome flora. Gut microbiomes can also change the neurotransmitter levels in the brain through the vagal afferent fibers.
The article explores the changes in gut microbiome composition in neurodegeneration and AD, highlighting the most distinctive alterations observed in AD. These alterations include a decrease in the abundance of anti-inflammatory bacterial species and an increase in the abundance of pro-inflammatory bacterial species. The article also discusses the effects of microbiota-induced inflammation on the pathogenesis of dementia-AD, which can lead to crossing microbial exudates to the circulatory system, triggering an inflammatory response.
The article concludes by discussing how the gut microbiome can control microglial maturation and activation and suppress inflammation in the central nervous system. Finally, the article presents a hypothesis on the effects of gut microbiota-induced systemic inflammation on the pathogenesis of AD, indicating that gut microbes' signal molecules can sway brain hemostasis.
In summary, the article provides a comprehensive review of the role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of AD. The article presents a hypothesis on the interaction between the gut microbiome and AD, explores changes in gut microbiome composition in neurodegeneration and AD, and discusses the effects of microbiota-induced inflammation on the pathogenesis of dementia-AD.
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